Index
aestheticization of power, 89–90, 204, 210–17, 223, 225, 228, 234, 247, 248, 250, 354–55
African slavery, 53, 63, 65, 73
Aklujkar, Ashok, on role of Buddhism, 158, 383
Ambedkar, B.R., 144, 166, 316
American English Cosmopolis, 348–51, 353
Ananthamurthy U.R., 325, 329
ancient India, 56, 167, 298, 344, 375
as viewed by Pollock, 144, 145, 315, 317
Andrews, C.F., 43
anti-Semitism, 171, 378
Apte, V.M., on varnas, 150
Arthashastra, 156, 186–87, 224,265, 371
atrocity literature, 65–68, 71, 197–99, 281, 319, 337
Basham, A.L., on varnas, 163–64
Benjamin, Walter, 74, 84, 211–13, 215, 254, 332
Bhagavad Gita, 121, 154, 162, 279
bhakti, 29, 85, 96, 98, 99, 132, 196, 207, 208, 210, 219, 220, 248–49, 261, 264, 266, 267, 278, 313, 338
Bharata Muni, 133
Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), 174, 182, 198, 200–01, 273, 312, 321, 324, 327, 330, 343
Bhartrhari, 263
Bilhana, 219, 263
bilingualism, 244, 251, 262, 263, 265, 272
brahmins, 101, 117, 149, 260
British East India Company, 20, 55, 56, 57, 172, 289, 350
British Indology, 137, 139
British rule, 57, 86, 137, 139, 143, 162–63, 168, 225–26, 228, 275, 287–89, 293, 295–96, 298, 334,342
Buddha, views of, 128–29, 316
Buddhism and Hinduism, 128, 158, 210, 365, 368, 374–75
Sanskrit, 40, 125–26, 159, 223, 257, 260
as viewed by Orientalists, 128, 149, 179, 375
traditionalists, 128–29, 149, 365, 368, 374–75
Caturdhara, Nilakantha, 278–79
Chalukyas, 267
Chanakya, 224, 369
Charvaka school of thought, 90–91
Chhabra, Aseem, 341
Christian missionaries, 55, 63, 326
Christianity, 41, 59, 60, 93, 125, 136, 167, 177, 254, 342, 350, 362, 364, 365–66, 368, 370, 372
Clay Sanskrit Library, 81, 144, 326, 351–52
Clay, John, 326, 351, 352
Columbus, Christopher, 52, 67
conversions (religious), 63, 64, 144, 177, 342, 350, 365, 369, 375
Coomaraswamy’s, Ananda, Hinduism and Buddhism, 128
Crowley, Thomas, 317–18
darshana (philosophy), 22, 98, 277, 368
Dharampal, 162, 163
Dharamshastras, 102, 145, 151, 156, 184, 187, 238, 278
dhyana (meditation), 98
diglossia model, 262
Doniger, Wendy, 323–24, 327, 330
English language, 46, 143, 152, 166, 235, 289, 327, 344, 349
Evangelicals, 14, 55, 61, 68, 138, 168, 231, 352
Ford Foundation, 79
Franklin, Michael, 57
frontiersmen, 64, 73, 307
bad cops in, 42, 64, 65
good cops in, 42, 64–65, 71, 289
Gandhi, Mohandas, 43, 289, 290, 367, 398
Goldman, Robert, 196–97, 219–20, 320, 389
Goswami, Rupa, 207, 208, 210, 278
Grant, Charles, 61
Grünendahl, Reinhold, 171
Halhed, Nathaniel Brassey, 57
Hanneder, J., 300–04
Hegel, 170, 171
Hindu laws, 57
Hinduphobia, 90, 92, 152, 378
Hock, Hans H., 264
human development, states of, 109
India Abroad newspaper, 16, 82, 328, 333
Indian intellectuals, 14–15, 71, 117, 122, 176, 223, 276, 337, 344
Index 465
Indian journalists, nurturing of, 337
Indian Marxists, 70–73, 77, 176, 317, 345
Ingalls, Daniel, 80, 115, 204–05, 303–04, 320
Islam, 14, 54, 92, 155240, 284, 364, 366–67, 368, 370, 372
Islamophobia, 14, 92, 378
issues that need debate, 4, 27–28, 48–49, 84–87, 162, 199, 203, 231, 241–43, 281, 300
itihasas, 38, 101, 132, 133, 160, 161, 186, 196, 202, 208, 220, 234, 238–39, 241, 246, 248, 249, 268, 360–61, 384
Jaffrelot, Christophe, 322, 324
Jain, Professor Jasbir, 322–23
Jones, Sir William, 55–61, 170, 172, 333, 334, 342
Kabir, 151, 366
Kalidasa, 100, 132, 205, 215, 217, 219, 263
Kane, P.V., 151, 154, 167
Kannan, K.S., 130, 160, 187, 376
Karnad, Girish, 325
Kautilya, 120
kavya and shastras, 37–38, 97, 129, 130–31, 132, 165–66, 224, 225, 265–66, 272
and Vedas, 38, 85, 97, 129, 130, 132, 133, 204, 208, 209–10
interpreted by Pollock, 85, 97, 106, 129–32, 133, 134, 180, 196, 203, 204, 206–07, 208–10, 211, 215, 217–21, 224
traditionalists, 38, 76, 98, 132–33, 208, 220
political, 25, 217, 219, 260, 282, 325
Sanskrit, 85, 127, 204, 205, 206, 215, 217, 218, 225, 278, 282, 291
knowledge bottom-up flow, 279
top-down flow, 120, 279
Vedic, 101, 104, 128, 133, 160–62
knowledge represented in body centric, 267, 268, 269
oral, 36, 76, 97, 105–07, 111–12, 113, 130, 156, 214, 216, 239, 245, 266–67, 268, 298, 305, 306, 323, 356, 375
written text, 36, 97, 111, 112, 248, 267, 268, 274
Kosambi, D.D., 83, 317, 343–44
Krishna Shastry, Chamu, 156–58, 293, 294–98, 302, 376
language, evolution of a, 272, 375
language groups, interaction between, 264–65
libraries, 22, 289
Macaulay, Thomas, 289, 342, 353
Manu, 120, 154, 156, 192
Manusmriti, 57, 58, 154–56, 165, 167, 191
Max Müller, 143, 144, 170
Mill, James, 61, 152
moksha, 107, 205, 360
Murty Classical Library of India (MCLI), 26, 83, 144, 329, 345–51
Nanak, Guru, 366
Native Americans, 53, 62, 63, 64, 73, 75, 168, 171, 282, 307, 339
Natya Shastra, 22, 25, 100, 101, 130, 132, 133, 160, 161, 206–07, 208, 209–10, 312
Nehru, Jawaharlal, 292, 298, 331,367
Orientalism American, 23–25, 50–51, 61
impact of, 75–78 rise of, 52–54, 68–70, 72–73
European, 52, 54–55, 75, 79, 168
comparison of European and American, 53, 54, 74–75
paksha purva-, 13, 14–15, 19, 27, 43, 48, 49, 136, 364, 365–66, 367–69, 370
uttara-, 43, 48, 93, 365, 366, 367, 368
Paley, Nina, 340–41
Panchatantra, 371
Pande, G.C., 151
Panini, 157, 158, 159, 223, 235, 249, 260, 263
Pannikar, K.M., 289–90
paramarthika and vyavaharika realm in Hinduism as viewed by Pollock, 101, 102, 104–05, 106, 207
traditionalists, 96, 98–99, 102, 132, 207, 358, 360
Patanjali, 100, 102, 157–58, 223, 235, 298
Persian, 41, 42, 143, 205, 235, 284, 292, 305, 306, 308, 346, 357, 359, 366–67, 377, 378
philology liberation, 41, 87, 101–02, 105, 112, 142, 178, 315–16, 317–18, 328, 354, 362
sacred, 105, 362–63
Prakrit, 22–23, 108, 226, 263, 268,279, 375
Purusha Sukta, 164–65
raj dharma, 181, 183–84, 185–88, 197–98, 224, 235, 238, 377
Ramayana, Valmiki’s, as viewed by Pollock a myth, 39, 179–80, 182–83, 189
anti–feminist themes in, 191–92, 322
dated, 126, 180, 197, 224
demonize Muslims, 192–94, 198–201
divine-demonic construct, 39, 85–86, 180–82, 184, 188–89, 192, 195, 224
inspired by a Buddhist Jataka tale, 126, 179, 197, 224
interpreted as atrocity literature, 197–98
major characters lack free will, 181–82, 190
politicizing role of, 193–95, 320–25
protects the Vedic social hierarchy, 85, 180, 225
traditionalists, 40, 132, 180, 185, 187, 197
Ramayana, translations of, 219–20, 225, 245, 320
Index 467
rangoli, 269
Rashtrakutas, 267–68
Reddy, Srinivas, 248, 249, 263–64
Rig Veda, 108, 130, 150, 260, 279
Risley’s, Lord, Breaking India, 152
Roberto de Nobili, 143
Rudolph, Lloyd and Susan, 69, 321–22, 330
Said, Edward, 51, 70, 78, 135
Samskrita Bharati, 16, 22, 157, 166, 358
Sanskrit Brahmin monopoly of, 36, 106, 113–14, 126, 129, 141, 157, 223, 260, 262, 374
Buddhist influence on, 106, 126, 127, 129, 141, 223–24, 227, 258, 260
death of, 86, 261, 273–307, 376
non-translatable terms/ sounds, 22, 32, 98, 101, 146–47, 173, 204, 358–59, 374
origin of, 36–37, 41, 274, 3
revival as per Orientalists, 30, 40–41, 45–47, 76, 87, 91, 178, 274
Traditionalists, 22, 36, 39, 41–42, 43–45, 76, 357–58
Sanskrit and Prakrit, 226, 263, 268, 272, 279, 375
vernaculars, 23, 25, 36–37, 86, 228, 242, 244, 247–49, 256–57, 261, 262–63, 264, 276
Sanskrit blamed for European atrocities, 167–68Nazism, 169–70
in defence, 170–73Sanskrit Commission report (1957), 288, 291, 298–300, 331
Sanskrit Cosmopolis, 86, 215, 225, 226–32, 234, 238–41, 243, 247, 261, 352, 353
Sanskrit during Pre-Buddha Vedic era, 223, 227
Hindu kings, 86, 275, 276, 280–81, 284, 285, 286
Mughal rule and British period, 225, 228–34, 280, 282, 284–85, 287, 288
Nehruvian period, 292, 298, 367
Sanskrit grammar, 55, 157
views of Pollock, 97, 101, 105, 119, 159, 213, 225, 234–35, 237, 238, 242, 249, 275, 304, 376
traditionalist, 241, 296, 360
sanskriti model, 229
officer, 372–73
Satyagraha Gita by Pandita KshamaRow, 289–90
Satyanath, Professor T.S., 265–70
Shaivism Kashmir, 108, 121, 277
Sharma, Ram Sharan, 150
Sharma’s, Arvind, Hindu Egalitarianism, 149, 371
shastras, as viewed by Pollock, 37–38, 85, 97, 114–24, 224
traditionalists, 37, 124–25, 161–62, 224, 359–60
shudras, 114, 145–46, 148, 153, 155, 156, 162, 163–64, 165, 169–70, 223, 227, 250, 271, 277, 316, 325, 356, 384
Singhvi, L.M., 69–70
smriti, 149, 150, 357, 358, 360–61
Sringeri Peetham, 2–13, 15, 17–20, 84, 317, 373
tantra, 99, 108, 196, 278, 301, 369, 371, 388
Tilak, Shrinivas, 192
traditionalists and Orientalists, issues that divide, 35–43
translations, 26, 56, 57, 59, 144, 225, 242, 248, 305, 320, 322, 325, 326, 346–47, 348, 349–50, 351, 371, 377
Pollock’s role in, 39, 81, 143, 182,188, 229, 293, 308, 309
non–translatable terms/ sounds, 22, 32, 98, 101, 146–47, 173, 204, 358–59, 374
US schools, Ramayana taught in, 337–40
Utilitarians, 61
Vajpeyi, Ananya, 324, 329–30
Valmiki, see Ramayana varnas and Buddhism, 128–29
and traditionalists, 146–52, 153, 162, 164–66
in traditional texts, 153–56, 160
in major historical periods, 149–52
Vatsyayan, Kapila, 99
Vedanta, 2, 5, 100, 116, 124, 133, 313, 360, 369
Vedic period, 145, 149, 150
vernacular languages, as viewed by Pollock, 243–55, 259–61, 262, 272, 286, 306, 348
traditionalist, 244, 248, 257–59, 260–62, 272, 279, 306, 400
Vico, Giambattista, 74, 84, 97, 103, 105, 254
vocal music, 107
Western Indology, 15, 26, 45, 48, 56, 60, 80, 83, 93, 128, 136, 137, 144, 147, 167, 204, 279, 300, 303, 313, 374, 376
West–trained Indian scholars, 1, 30, 33, 38, 40, 46–47, 70–71, 78, 84, 136, 226, 306, 319, 327, 340, 374
women, status of, 23, 40, 66, 70, 72, 76–77, 114, 139–40, 144, 147, 154, 174, 177, 181, 191, 192, 195, 198, 218, 223, 226, 227, 263, 269, 281, 290, 294, 316, 319, 322–23, 325, 326, 336–37, 338, 340, 376
yajna, 21–22, 24, 98, 100, 240, 241, 259, 272, 279, 298, 305
as viewed by Orientalists, 23, 24, 91, 97, 113–14, 145, 146, 182, 183, 185, 186, 196, 239, 376
Yoga Sutras of Patanjali, 100
Zain-ul-abidin, Sultan, 281–82, 301